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The MQ series of gas sensors use a small heater inside with an electro-chemical sensor. They are sensitive for a range of gasses and are used indoors at room temperature. The output is an analog signal and can be read with an analog input of the Arduino. The MQ-2 Gas Sensor module is useful for gas leakage detecting in home and industry. It can detect LPG, i-butane, propane, methane ,alcohol, hydrogen and smoke. Some modules have a built-in variable resistor to adjust the sensitivity of the sensor. [ ]

This is the Simple 500W Inverter 12 Volt to 220 Volt Circuit Diagram about the the inverter, because like working outdoors, or to backup storage to use when necessary. Most of this is circuit low power, which is not suitable for practical applications. My friends said that he would be about 500 Watt. It is a good size. Use with television receivers and light bulbs as well. When looking for circuit. I get headaches.  500W Inverter 12 Volt to 220 Volt Circuit Diagram   If you are a beginner or I can not buy expensive good quality circuits. Requires only one transistor. Or if you have free time. I want to build old circuit is alive again. This circuit will accommodate all your needs. It is a simple circuit. The same principle, I take battery voltage 12V to produce a oscillator about 100 Hz and pass to a two frequency divider circuit is only 50HZ. and drive a 10 ampere transformer with 10 x 2N3055 transistor in parallel.  By a single transistor has 2A, when I use 10 transist...

The XM- Lamp LED can be regarded as the highest performance LED , solid state single LED that is capable of producing ultra-bright light intensities . These LED s offer a unique combination of high efficiency , it is able to efficiently provide 1000 lumens 100 lumens per watt at 3 , 5 mm x 5 mm. The circuit described here can be used for applications in residential lighting and automotive LED s should be mounted on suitable heat sinks for optimal performance . For more information on this, you can consult the datasheet in the link below . Create XLamp XM- LED Circuit Diagram   Specifications : Size ( mm x mm ) 5 x 5 Maximum unit current ( A) 3 Maximum power ( W ) 10 Light output Up to 1040 lm 10 W @ Typical forward voltage ( V ) 3.1 Viewing angle ( degrees ) 125 ANSI binning Thermal Resistance ( ° C / W ) 2.5 Yes Reflow - solderable - JEDEC J -STD - 020C - compatible RoHS and REACH - compliant Yes UL ...

By Karissa Bel Flickr unveiled its completely redesigned iOS and Android apps on Thursday. The apps include faster navigation, a more streamlined design and add support for HD videos. Flickr's refreshed home screen emphasizes sharing and interacting with photos in your feed. The redesigned timeline ditches its past grid layout and instead opts for a clean, single-column feed that displays images one at a time with options to share and comment underneath each photo. The app's navigation is much faster overall than previous versions. The company especially focused on boosting the speed of its search and it shows. Searching for photos is significantly faster in the new app. The company also improved search by incorporating images' metadata into the app, including type of camera, camera settings and location information. Even if you have thousands of photos, our intelligent search engine will help you find what you’re looking for fast," Flickr's vice president, Bernar...

The proposed remote control circuit idea can be used for controlling any electrical gadget within a range of 100 meters. Since the idea here is to modify an existing circuit of a remote bell unit, becomes super easy without any complications. However the construction part does require the involvement of electronic assemblies so this project may not be considered entirely a layman’s project. We all have seen and probably used remote bell gadget in our homes. The device is basically a wireless RF receiver and a transmitter set which can be used for producing alarm sounds remotely for calling or indication proposes. These gadgets are pretty effective with their functions and the specified operations are done efficiently across a considerable distance. The Chinese made remote bell units are best suited for the proposed project. Basically, when the transmitter of the remote bell is pressed, it sends a strong RF signal over a radial distance of approximately 100 meters. The...

Circuit diagram The LM1036 is a DC controlled tone (bass/treble), volume and balance circuit for stereo applications in car radio, TV and audio systems. An additional control input allows loudness compensation to be simply effected. Four control inputs provide control of the bass, treble, balance and volume functions through application of DC voltages from a remote control system or, alternatively, from four potentiometers which may be biased from a zener regulated supply provided on the circuit. Each tone response is defined by a single capacitor chosen to give the desired characteristic. Features: Wide supply voltage range, 9V to 16V Large volume control range, 75 dB typical Tone control, ±15 dB typical Channel separation, 75 dB typical Low distortion, 0.06% typical for an input level of 0.3 Vrms High signal to noise, 80 dB typical for an input level of 0.3 Vrms Few external components required Note: Vcc can be anything between 9V to 16V and the output capacitors are 10uF/25V elect...

Simple DC to AC Inverter Circuit Diagram This DC to AC inverter circuit work based on unstable multi vibrator does. In this circuit, IC CD4047 is chosen as a heart of unstable multivibrator, because this IC type gives a complementary output that has opposite phase to another ( pin 10 and 11 as seen in Figure 1), and has 50 % duty cycle that satisfy to generate a pulse for inverter.

The Nexus 9 or Nexus 8 has been rumored for a few months, which could be manufactured by HTC. Although HTC introduced a tablet years ago, the company never take the second version of it, worse try to offer something interesting on the HTC Flyer. Now, new details of the HTC Nexus 9 or T1 have been revealed by Upleaks. The main news is that HTC would be making not just a tablet with stylish design as your own cell phone called HTC One M8, but also would be building accessories to offer something similar to what Microsoft does with the Surface Pro 3. HTC and Google hope to offer a better alternative to Surface Pro 3 to provide an accessory called Magic Cover, which is a protective lining or cover has its own ultra slim keyboard. According to the report, the Magic Cover is available in leather and polycarbonate thermoplastic (TPU, for its acronym in English), which include magnets for the liner to be folded into a triangle to support your tablet to provide an angle specified for able to us...

A major problem when working with LEDs, is particularly novices connecting the LED to the circuit, or how to calculate the value of resistance used. Currently LEDs are very efficient, common and therefore the current needed to illuminate them is quite low: 5mA or less for the LED indicators and 20mA for high brightness LEDs. LEDs are relatively tolerant stream so it can vary between 5mA and 15mA for LED common between 15mA and 30mA for LED high brightness. The formula for calculating the resistance is obtained by Ohm's law and is as follows: R = (V - V-LED) / I wherein: R = resistance V = voltage V-LED = LED voltage typical (varies according to whether the LED) I = current HI is the current through the LED For example, if we have a red LED connected to 12V with a current of 5mA: R = (12V - 1.2V) / 5mA = 2160 ohms (using default values ​​of resistance: 2.200 ohm) Calculation base resistors for High Brightness LEDs for voltage 12 Volts LED Blue and White Vled v 3.70 curre...

Today we're going to talk about how to wire up a stompbox. Apart from the effects circuit itself, there are three things that have to be thought about when wiring up a stompbox, which are the stomp switch, the stereo input jack and the DC-in connector. I’ll be referring to this image throughout the explanation (as with all images on here, click to enlarge): 1. The Switch To try to make this easy to follow, consider the left-hand column of the switch to be the input column, the middle column to be the LED column, and the right-hand column to be the output column. If for any reason you only have a 6-pin switch, you can still use it, just without the LED column. Off position In the OFF position, pin 4 is connected to pin 7, pin 5 is connected to pin 8, and pin 6 is connected to pin 9 (in my diagram at least – you may have a switch with different numbers written on it, though often they have none at all). Looking at just the left and right columns, the input comes in from the input jac...

Even though today’s electrical appliances are increasingly often self-powered, especially the portable ones you carry around when camping or holidaying in summer, you do still sometimes need a source of 230 V AC - and while we’re about it, why not at a frequency close to that of the mains? As long as the power required from such a source remains relatively low - here we’ve chosen 30 VA - it’s very easy to build an inverter with simple, cheap components that many electronics hobbyists may even already have. Though it is possible to build a more powerful circuit, the complexity caused by the very heavy currents to be handled on the low-voltage side leads to circuits that would be out of place in this summer issue. Let’s not forget, for example, that just to get a meager 1 amp at 230 VAC, the battery primary side would have to handle more than 20 ADC!. The circuit diagram of our project is easy to follow. A classic 555 timer chip, identified as IC1, is configured as an astable multivibr...

Transistors are electric switches that control current passes throught them. They come in many sizes and ratings depending on the current they can handle. In the article below learn how to connect a transistor to control a load such as a motor or lamp. The article is demostrating how to use high current transistor TIP120 with arduino. [ ]

The limitation of car supply voltage (12V) forces to convert the voltages to higher in order to power audio amplifiers. In fact the max audio power x speaker (with 4 ohm impedance) using 12V is (Vsupply+ - Vsupply-)^2/(8*impedance) 12^2/32 = 4.5Watts per channel, that is laughable... For powering correctly an amplifier the best is to use a symmetric supply with a high voltage differential. for example +20 - -20 = 40Volts in fact 40^2/32 = 50 Watts per channel that is respectable. This supply is intended for two channels with 50W max each (of course it depends on the amplifier used). Though it can be easily scaled up or the voltages changed to obtain different values. Circuit Diagram Overview - How it works It is a classic push-pull design , taking care to obtain best symmetry (to avoid flux walking). Keep in mind that this circuit will adsorb many amperes (around 10A) so take care to reinforce power tracks with lots of solder and use heavy wires from the battery or the volta...

The operation of the converter is based on the weighted adding and transferring of the analogue input levels and the digital output levels. It consists of comparators and resistors. In theory, the number of bits is unlimited, but each bit needs a comparator and several coupling resistors. The diagram shows a 4-bit version. The value of the resistors must meet the following criteria: R1:R2 = 1:2; R3:R4:R5 = 1:2:4; R6:R7:R8:R9 = 1:2:4:8. The linearity of the converter depends on the degree of precision of the value of the resistors with respect to the resolution of the converter, and on the accuracy of the threshold voltage of the comparators. This threshold level must be equal, or nearly so, to half the supply voltage. Moreover, the comparators must have as low an output resistance as possible and as high an input resistance with respect to the load resistors as feasible. Any deviation from these requirements affects the linearity of the converter adversely. 4-Bit Analogue to Digital C...

The author gave his partner a radio controlled (RC) model car as a gif t. She found it a lot of fun, but thought that adding realistic lights would be a definite improvement. So the author went back to his shed, plugged in his soldering iron, and set to work equipping the car with realistic indicators, headlights, tail lights and brake lights. Lights Control for Model Cars Circuit Diagram The basic idea was to tap into the signal from the radio control receiver and, with a bit of help from a microcontroller, simulate indicators using flashing yellow LEDs and brake lights using red LEDs. Further red LEDs are used for the tail lights, and white LEDs for the headlights. Connectors JP4 and JP5 (channel 0) are wired in parallel, as are JP6 and JP7 (channel 1), allowing the circuit to be inserted into the servo control cables for the steering and drive motor respectively. The ATtiny45 micro-controller takes power from the radio receiver via diode D1. T1 and T2 buffer the servo signals to pro...

12V to 220V Inverter Circuit Diagrams, Even though today’s electrical appliances are increasingly often self-powered, especially the portable ones you carry around when camping or holidaying in summer, you do still sometimes need a source of 230 V AC - and while we’re about it, why not at a frequency close to that of the mains? As long as the power required from such a source remains relatively low - here we’ve chosen 30 VA - it’s very easy to build an inverter with simple, cheap components that many electronics hobbyists may even already have 12V to 220V Inverter . 12V to 220V Inverter Circuit Diagrams Though it is possible to build a more powerful circuit, the complexity caused by the very heavy currents to be handled on the low-voltage side leads to circuits that would be out of place in this summer issue. Let’s not forget, for example, that just to get a meager 1 amp at 230 VAC , the battery primary side would have to handle more than 20 ADC !. The circuit diagram of 12V to 2...

This time, there is a series of audio amplifer 20W as well, but using IC TDA 2005 as a series of his base amplifier. The series of 2x20 Watt Audio Power Amplifier using TDA2005 can you see in the picture below. Technical Data: Performance of TDA2005M: (for this circuit); At 4.14 V supply voltage: 2 x 20 watts (stereo) into 4 Ohms. Distortion: Approx. 0.2% at 4 Watts into 4 ohm load. Frequency Range: Approx. 20 Hz to 22 KHz. Input Sensitivity: Approx. maximum 150 mV rms. . Power supply: + 8 to 18 volts, approx. 3.5 Amps maximum per channel. source [link] 

The dB (decibel) is one of the most common units in engineering, yet also one of the most confusing, especially when it comes to manipulating S-parameters. Here is how not to be confused. The Bel is a fundamentally new unit, which was originally established in 1928 by The Bell System to describe sound levels. This scale has since been generalized to relate to the log of the ratio of any two power levels. The most important principle of the Bel scale to keep in mind is that it is, without exception, by definition, the ratio of powers. It originally related to sound level powers, but has since been generalized to all types of powers. [ ]

A very efficient 6V to 15V DC to DC converter using LM2585 is shown here. LM2585 is a monolithic integrated voltage converter IC that can be used in various applications like flyback converters, boost converters, forward converters, multiple output converters etc. The circuit requires minimum number of external components and the IC can source up to 3A output current. Circuit diagram : 6 to 15V DC to DC Converter Circuit Diagram Here the IC is wired as a boost converter where resistors R1 and R2 are used to set the output voltage .The junction of R1 and R2 is connected to the feedback pin of IC1. Capacitor C4 is the input filter while capacitor C1 the filter for output. Network comprising of resistor R1 and capacitor C2 is meant for frequency compensation. Inductor L1 stores the energy for acquiring boost conversion. Notes:      Assemble the circuit on a good quality PCB. LM2585 requires a heatsink. Output voltage is according to the equation Vout =( (R1/R2)+1) x 1....

I got myself some UV-curable solder mask for my PCB workshop, and as soon as i got it, i discovered that my UV artwork transfer box is totally incapable to activate the UV paint and cure it. I began searching the net for powerful UV lamps, and then it hit me: Some months ago i uploaded a theory regarding the Cold and Hot cathode discharge lamps. During my research for these lamps i found out that they can provide directly visible light (lamps without internal coating), or they produce UV radiation. The lamps that produce UV radiation have an extra coating on their internal surface which glows when excited by the UV rays, thus producing light! [ ]